The green belt surrounding it covers square miles. The green belt was created in the s, guaranteeing that the land around British cities and towns is kept as green and pleasant as possible. But decades on, and as its population grows, Londoners are beginning to question whether preserving the green belt is still a good idea.
In , height restrictions were placed on buildings in Mumbai as a way to limit urban growth. In January, there were protests over the train system.
Building up, not out, is on the agenda again. Affordable apartments would foster close-knit communities and encourage people to live and work in the centre instead. The Indonesian capital is sinking while the sea level rises. Global warming, intense flooding, deforestation, and decades of pumping out groundwater for residents are partly to blame.
Jakarta could one day be uninhabitable. In February, monsoon rains paralysed the city of 14 million and displaced nearly 6, people, according to the Wall Street Journal. An even worse deluge hit again in March, when four people were killed and 20, residences were evacuated.
Photos of the disaster can be found here. Global warming means floods will happen more often. Research Scientist Owen Cooper, who works at the Earth Systems Research Lab in Boulder, Colorado says the sea level is rising faster in Indonesia than most parts of the globe at about six-to-nine millimetres a year. Some areas, sea level is actually going down whereas others is going up. Jakarta… has a greater challenge in terms of sea level rise than most megacities, just because of its location where the sea level is rising fastest.
The project is expected to take 30 years to complete. The urban shift over time has led to the emergence of the megacity — a city with a population of 10 million or more.
New York City and Tokyo were the first known megacities, both reaching an urban conglomeration of over 10 million by the s. But today they are far from alone in their size. In there were 33 megacities across the planet — from Sao Paulo, Brazil to Lagos, Nigeria and London, England to Shanghai, China — and all major global regions except Oceania are marked with megacities.
Most of the cities that have reached the 10 million marker in recent years are located in Asia and Africa. These regions are also home to the fastest growing megacities. The population of Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, has doubled roughly every 5 years since The population is outpacing almost all support structures in the city where the threat of food shortages, traffic congestion, and insufficient education facilities have become a stark reality.
A large urban population may seem environmentally troublesome with cities viewed as a disruption to the natural world. But environmentalism and urbanization are not incompatible. Dense urban areas have a much smaller ecological footprint — many people live in apartments or smaller connected houses rather than ranch-style homes in sprawling neighborhoods. Multifamily dwellings have the added benefit of being more energy efficient and they require less resources per person.
Cities are also walkable and have public transportation options that can make cars less of a necessity. And above all, densely populated areas make it possible to protect other open spaces to serve as wildlife habitat, farmland, conservation areas, or oxygen-producing forests.
But of course, there are ecological downsides to cities as well. In , a majority of the U. Other counties that are in metropolitan areas with fewer than 1 million people medium and smaller metros or nonmetropolitan areas are not the focus of this analysis. A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked at least 35 hours per week full-time and at least 50 weeks during the previous calendar year year-round.
Poverty refers to persons living in families with incomes below the official poverty threshold. Thresholds vary by family size and composition. Though the suburban population continues to increase at a relatively healthy clip, a range of indicators show that large suburban counties are lagging the gains of their urban core counterparts.
Compared with , suburban populations are now less engaged in the labor market, experiencing declining household incomes and seeing housing stock value that has not kept pace with that of the central cities. While many factors are likely at play, demographic trends are contributing to the changing fortunes of large suburban counties. These counties are growing at opposite ends of the age spectrum, seeing an increase in adults ages 65 and older and those under age But they are losing out to urban core counties when it comes to prime working-age adults — those ages 25 to 44 — who are increasingly residing in the urban core counties.
This analysis is based on the most recent available data and tracks outcomes as of Some demographers have asserted residential outcomes will partly depend on policy decisions. The analysis in this report explores the direction of suburban-urban gaps before the onset of COVID These metro areas each have at least 1 million in total population. A common county classification designates 68 counties as urban core counties. The urban core county either contains the entire population of the largest principal city in the metro area or its entire population is part of the largest principal city or has at least , inhabitants of any principal city.
The urban core counties are often identical to the core city of the metropolitan area. The large suburban counties are the other outlying counties in the large metropolitan area. Its sole urban core county is Cook County. The shifting patterns of where prime-age young adults and older Americans reside has implications for both the suburbs surrounding the urban core counties and the central cities themselves.
Though the suburbs are continuing to outgain the urban cores in terms of population, some of the long-standing economic and social gaps between cities and suburbs are narrowing in the new century. Since , the U.
The population in the urban core counties grew at the same pace as the national average. Compared with their urban core counterparts, the population growth in suburban counties has been at the ends of the age spectrum. The suburbs have been gainers of children and to year-olds, as well as adults 65 and older. But they have lagged the urban core counties in growth of to year-olds. Since , the population younger than 25 has increased by 3. The population ages 65 and older has grown by 5.
The population gains flip in the middle ages. The to year-old population increased by only , in the suburbs, trailing the 2. Population gains among to year-olds were more even between suburban and urban core counties, increasing about 7.
Education, labor market, income and housing metrics reveal that the suburbs have trailed the gains of the urban core counties in the new century. The outlying suburban population is better educated than residents of the urban core counties, as measured by formal degree attainment, but that advantage is diminishing.
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