Gestational Diabetes: Pregnancy can cause insulin resistance. It is usually spotted in middle or late pregnancy. Gestational diabetes should be controlled as it poses a risk for the foetus. The new-born baby might gain weight after birth and face trouble breathing. The treatment includes meal planning for the mother, daily exercise, taking insulin and keeping weight under control. Diabetes insipidus is a condition where your kidney produces abnormally large volumes of dilute and odourless urine.
The kidneys of an affected patient can pass up to 20 litres of urine. As a result, the patient would have to drink large amounts of fluid. There are four types of diabetes insipidus:. The issue causes the kidneys to remove excess fluid from the body. Nephrogenic: The causes of this type of diabetes insipidus are gene mutation or inherited gene changes which lead to the kidneys not functioning normally. Some of the symptoms are low potassium and high calcium levels in the blood.
Dipsogenic: A defect in the thirst mechanism located in the brain's hypothalamus causes this type of diabetes insipidus which increases the thirst and the liquid intake of a person. It also suppresses vasopressin and increases the passing of urine. Gestational: This happens during pregnancy. The general symptoms of diabetes insipidus are:. Dry skin. Dizziness etc. The treatments for diabetes mellitus include hormonal therapy, medication to balance mineral levels in the body and living a healthy life.
Each disease has its own set of specific characteristics. The following table lists those differences. The cause of the large volume of urine in the two conditions is completely different. In diabetes mellitus the high sugar levels are filtered in the kidney and this draws more water with it, forming a higher volume of sugary urine. By controlling the blood sugar, the volume of urine reduces, and the reduced sugar levels have wide-ranging benefit throughout the body.
Without vasopressin, the kidney cannot concentrate urine and so lots of dilute urine is passed. Treatment is with desmopressin, a synthetic long-acting form of vasopressin. The general population, the press, and many health care workers have knowledge only of diabetes mellitus. With diabetes insipidus, urine output exceeds 3 liters every 24 hours and is often considerably higher liters per 24 hours. ADH is made in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. ADH is secreted to guide the kidneys on storing or releasing water so as to maintain an appropriate balance of electrolytes sodium, chloride, potassium and carbon dioxide.
It also regulates the sensation of thirst. Diabetes insipidus would be difficult to diagnose in the prehospital setting. Patients with known diabetes insipidus can usually drink enough water to compensate. In the prehospital setting, consider administration of dextrose-containing IV solutions. Do not use fluids that do not contain dextrose and remember treatment varies.
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