Pacific Indigenous Communities. The following information in based on Census Bureau numbers in There are 5. There are 14 states with more than , American Indian or Alaska Native residents. Alaska was followed by Oklahoma The median age for American Indians and Alaska Natives is 31 years, compared with a median age of While there are currently federally recognized Indian tribes in the United States, there are American Indian reservations and a total of legal and statistical areas for which the Census Bureau provides statistics, including reservations, off-reservation trust lands, Oklahoma tribal statistical areas, tribal designated statistical areas, state American Indian reservations, and state designated American Indian statistical areas.
There are approximately 1,, American Indian and Alaska Native family households. Of those, Among them is the Menominee Indian tribe, whose reservation has more than , acres of virgin timberland , the largest single tract in the state.
Minnesota was the ancestral home of the Sioux and Ojibwa, and it currently has seven Ojibwa reservations and four Sioux communities. They include descendants of the Lakota, Cheyenne, Kiowa, Navajo, and some other nations. The largest group is the Lakota, while the Navajo is the fastest-growing. The state has just two federally recognized reservations : one belonging to the Southern Utes, whose economy relies on oil and gas production, and the other belonging to the Ute Mountain Utes, who largely rely on tourism.
Despite years of public awareness efforts, in , the Michigan Civil Rights Commission found that more than three dozen schools in the state use Native American mascots, imagery, or names. Two federally recognized tribes, the Miccosukee and the Seminole, live in Florida, which has six reservations. The biggest is Big Cypress Indian Reservation , home to a major rock mine and a citrus grove of oranges, grapefruit, and tangerines.
The Seminole, who started in gaming in , have become one of the most successful tribes in the industry. You may also like: Best places to retire in America. At Rocky Boy, the smallest reservation located in the Bear Paw Mountains, about half the population lives in poverty. The tribe owns a ski area and a steel plant, but jobs are scarce at its remote location. At Fort Peck, methadone addiction has escalated to dangerous levels, putting pressure on its foster care system when babies are born addicted and parents are unable to care for their children.
The reservation of the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation in central Washington is more than 1 million acres, while the Squaxin Island Tribe maintains a four-and-a-half-mile-long island in Puget Sound, which has no year-round residents but is reserved for tribal members to fish, hunt, and gather shellfish. Despite having federally recognized tribes, Alaska has just one reservation, as land allotment from the federal government was handled differently compared with other states, and its tribal governments cannot collect taxes.
Most Alaskan Natives live in small tribal communities, where they tend to be extremely poor. You may also like: What retirement is like in 50 places around the world. The Cherokee once controlled about , square miles across eight states but were forced westward in the early s, and those in North Carolina today descend from tribal members who managed to stay or return.
Before the s, American Indians in North Carolina were treated with the same type of discrimination and systemic racism Black people faced, with separate schools, dining, and public facilities, and limited employment opportunities.
Several thousand and their descendants remain. One of the best-known groups is the Taos Pueblo , whose village was designated a World Heritage Site in and has become a center for Southwestern art and architecture. Part of the sprawling Navajo Nation is located in northwestern New Mexico, as well as in northeastern Arizona and southeastern Utah.
About a third of its , tribal members live in New Mexico. Native Americans in Oklahoma are descendants of tribes forced to move from the east in the early s, including the Five Civilized Tribes the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole. In July , the U.
Supreme Court ruled that more than 3 million acres, about half of Oklahoma, is Native American reservation land, including Tulsa, its second-largest city. Under federal relocation efforts that began in the s, thousands of Native Americans left reservations to look for opportunities in Los Angeles and San Francisco.
In , activists occupied a decommissioned federal prison on Alcatraz Island for nearly two years, claiming it as American Indian land. Many tribal members have underlying health conditions and live in large, multigenerational homes where the virus can spread easily. You may also like: Best big cities for retirees in America. Written by: Ellen Dewitt. Republish this story. States with the biggest Native American populations. Keep reading to find out which states have the biggest Native American populations.
New Hampshire. District of Columbia. Rhode Island. West Virginia. New Jersey. South Carolina. Andrew F. North Dakota. Ignace, Michigan. New York. South Dakota. North Carolina. New Mexico. Trending Now Careers 50 most meaningful jobs in America. In fact, by the time European adventurers arrived in the 15th century A. Of these, some 10 million lived in the area that would become the United States. As time passed, these migrants and their descendants pushed south and east, adapting as they went.
The Arctic culture area, a cold, flat, treeless region actually a frozen desert near the Arctic Circle in present-day Alaska , Canada and Greenland, was home to the Inuit and the Aleut. Both groups spoke, and continue to speak, dialects descended from what scholars call the Eskimo-Aleut language family. Some of its peoples, especially the Inuit in the northern part of the region, were nomads, following seals, polar bears and other game as they migrated across the tundra. In the southern part of the region, the Aleut were a bit more settled, living in small fishing villages along the shore.
The Inuit and Aleut had a great deal in common. Many lived in dome-shaped houses made of sod or timber or, in the North, ice blocks. They used seal and otter skins to make warm, weatherproof clothing, aerodynamic dogsleds and long, open fishing boats kayaks in Inuit; baidarkas in Aleut.
By the time the United States purchased Alaska in , decades of oppression and exposure to European diseases had taken their toll: The native population had dropped to just 2,; the descendants of these survivors still make their home in the area today. The Subarctic culture area, mostly composed of swampy, piney forests taiga and waterlogged tundra, stretched across much of inland Alaska and Canada. In the Subarctic, travel was difficult—toboggans, snowshoes and lightweight canoes were the primary means of transportation—and population was sparse.
In general, the peoples of the Subarctic did not form large permanent settlements; instead, small family groups stuck together as they traipsed after herds of caribou. They lived in small, easy-to-move tents and lean-tos, and when it grew too cold to hunt they hunkered into underground dugouts. Its inhabitants were members of two main groups: Iroquoian speakers these included the Cayuga, Oneida, Erie, Onondaga, Seneca and Tuscarora , most of whom lived along inland rivers and lakes in fortified, politically stable villages, and the more numerous Algonquian speakers these included the Pequot, Fox, Shawnee, Wampanoag, Delaware and Menominee who lived in small farming and fishing villages along the ocean.
There, they grew crops like corn, beans and vegetables. Life in the Northeast culture area was already fraught with conflict—the Iroquoian groups tended to be rather aggressive and warlike, and bands and villages outside of their allied confederacies were never safe from their raids—and it grew more complicated when European colonizers arrived. Meanwhile, as white settlement pressed westward, it eventually displaced both sets of Indigenous people from their lands. The Southeast culture area, north of the Gulf of Mexico and south of the Northeast, was a humid, fertile agricultural region.
Many of its natives were expert farmers—they grew staple crops like maize, beans, squash, tobacco and sunflower—who organized their lives around small ceremonial and market villages known as hamlets. Perhaps the most familiar of the Southeastern Indigenous peoples are the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole, sometimes called the Five Civilized Tribes, some of whom spoke a variant of the Muskogean language. By the time the U. In , the federal Indian Removal Act compelled the relocation of what remained of the Five Civilized Tribes so that white settlers could have their land.
The Cherokee called this frequently deadly trek the Trail of Tears. The Plains culture area comprises the vast prairie region between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, from present-day Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. Before the arrival of European traders and explorers, its inhabitants—speakers of Siouan, Algonquian, Caddoan, Uto-Aztecan and Athabaskan languages—were relatively settled hunters and farmers.
After European contact, and especially after Spanish colonists brought horses to the region in the 18th century, the peoples of the Great Plains became much more nomadic. Groups like the Crow, Blackfeet, Cheyenne, Comanche and Arapaho used horses to pursue great herds of buffalo across the prairie.
The most common dwelling for these hunters was the cone-shaped teepee, a bison-skin tent that could be folded up and carried anywhere. Plains Indians are also known for their elaborately feathered war bonnets. As white traders and settlers moved west across the Plains region, they brought many damaging things with them: commercial goods, like knives and kettles, which Indigenous people came to depend on; guns; and disease.
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