These injuries and illnesses may result from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. Personal protective equipment may include items such as gloves, safety glasses and shoes, earplugs or muffs, hard hats, respirators, or coveralls, vests and full body suits. All personal protective equipment should be safely designed and constructed, and should be maintained in a clean and reliable fashion.
It should fit comfortably, encouraging worker use. If the personal protective equipment does not fit properly, it can make the difference between being safely covered or dangerously exposed. When engineering, work practice, and administrative controls are not feasible or do not provide sufficient protection, employers must provide personal protective equipment to their workers and ensure its proper use.
Employers are also required to train each worker required to use personal protective equipment to know:. This program should address the hazards present; the selection, maintenance, and use of PPE; the training of employees; and monitoring of the program to ensure its ongoing effectiveness. Personal protective equipment is addressed in specific OSHA standards for general industry, maritime, and construction.
When these measures alone are insufficient to interrupt transmission, additional transmission based precautions appropriate to the mode of spread are indicated.
Gloves should be worn when there may be exposure to blood, bodily fluids, secretions or excretions and when handling contaminated equipment. Gloves should also be worn when patients require transmission based precautions insert link to TBP. Increased awareness among healthcare workers of the potential for gloves to provide protection against various pathogenic microorganisms, has led to the increased use of gloves in health care.
However, gloves cans sometimes be used inappropriately and failure to remove them at the correct time and complete hand hygiene effectively can increase the risk of transmitting infections to vulnerable patients.
Each healthcare worker should understand the rationale for glove use and assess the potential risk that each task carries. Gloves do not replace the requirement for good hand hygiene link to Hand Hygiene section.
Gloves should be changed when they have become contaminated i. Hands should always be decontaminated following the removal of gloves. Gloves are single-use items and should not be washed or reused. Polythene: Thin and have a tendency to tear. They are not an appropriate choice for healthcare settings.
Vinyl: Have been shown to be less effective than latex gloves in providing an impermeable barrier against microorganisms. They are also loose fitting and unsuitable for procedures that require manual dexterity. The use of vinyl gloves in healthcare is limited. Further information on glove usage can be found here.
In the majority of cases, plastic aprons will be appropriate for standard precautions. Gowns do not need to be sterile unless used for an aseptic procedure such as central line insertion or in an operating theatre. Eye and face protection must be worn when there is risk of splashing body fluids onto mucous membranes e.
Eyes can be protected by wearing either goggles or a visor. Personal glasses are not a suitable substitute. Hands should always be decontaminated after removing the equipment. Coia, J. Ritchie, L. Adisesh, A. Makison-Booth, C. When an infection outbreak affects a broad population in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC , is responsible for making specific recommendations for infection control measures in different circumstances and settings.
For example, the CDC has provided the following recommendations:. All personal protective equipment PPE that is intended for use as a medical device must follow The FDA's regulations and should meet applicable voluntary consensus standards for protection.
This includes surgical masks, N95 respirators, medical gloves, and gowns. When these standards and regulations are followed, they provide reasonable assurance that the device is safe and effective.
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